What is an 'affordance' in design?

An 'affordance' in design refers to an indication of how an object can be used. This concept is crucial in User Experience (UX) design because it helps users understand the intended use of an item just by observing it. When affordances are well-designed, they provide clear cues about their functionality, assisting users in intuitively interacting with the product. For example, a button that looks pressable indicates that it can be clicked, while a handle invites pulling or lifting.

In contrast, while a visual attribute might contribute to the perception of an affordance, it does not fully encompass the definition since affordances are about functionality rather than mere appearance. Similarly, a software feature enhancing functionality does not directly speak to the inherent cues that suggest how an object should be used. Lastly, methods for collecting user data focus on understanding user behavior rather than facilitating interaction with a product, which is the essence of affordances.